Tomato wolimidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha akutchuka kwambiri—ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyenera, mutha kusangalala ndi zokolola zambiri, nyengo zokolola zazitali, komanso mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, ngakhale kunja kuli nyengo.
Koma kodi mungasankhe bwanji phwetekere yoyenera? Ndi mapangidwe amtundu wanji omwe amagwira bwino ntchito? Kodi mumalimbana bwanji ndi tizirombo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitirira muyeso? Ndipo mumasunga bwanji tomato watsopano nthawi yayitali mukakolola?
Bukuli lili ndi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ulimi wa phwetekere wowonjezera kutentha mu 2024—kuyambira pa kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana mpaka kamangidwe kanzeru, kasamalidwe ka tizirombo, komanso kasamalidwe kokolola pambuyo pokolola.
1. Yambani ndi Tomato Wamtundu Woyenera
Kusankha mtundu woyenera ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mbeu ikhale yaphindu komanso yosamva matenda.
Kwa tomato wamkulu, wofiira wokhala ndi zokolola zolimba, Hongyun No.1 imatulutsa pafupifupi matani 12 pa ekala ndipo imakhala ndi zipatso zolimba. Jiahong F1 imachita bwino pakukhazikitsa kopanda dothi ngati coco peat ndi rockwool, kufika pa 9 kg pa lalikulu mita.
M'madera otentha, kukana ma virus ndikofunikira. Mitundu ya TY ndi yodziwika bwino polimbana ndi kachilombo ka TILCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus), yomwe imathandiza kuchepetsa kutayika. Kwa tomato waung'ono, wotsekemera wokhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso mtengo wapamwamba wamsika, mitundu ya Jinmali ndi yabwino kwambiri.
2. Zomangamanga: Nyumba Yanu Yowonjezera Imasiyanitsa
Kapangidwe kabwino ka wowonjezera kutentha kumakuthandizani kuti musamatenthe, chinyezi, komanso kuwala—zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa phwetekere.
Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yowala kwambiri kapena galasi lowonekera kwambiri kumawonjezera kufalikira kwa kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zofananira komanso zomera zathanzi. M'malo obiriwira amakono, kusintha magalasi osakanikirana kwawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pakukolola ndi kukula kwa zipatso.
Pofuna kuteteza kutentha, mafani ndi makoma amadzi amatha kusunga kutentha kwa chilimwe mozungulira 28 ° C (82 ° F), kuchepetsa kutsika kwa maluwa. M’nyengo yozizira, zowuzira mpweya wotentha kapena mapampu otentha a mpweya amasunga kutentha kupitirira 15°C (59°F), kupewa kuzizira.
Kuwongolera chinyezi ndikofunikira. Mafani okwera pamwamba omwe ali ndi makina opangira misting amathandiza kuchepetsa matenda monga grey nkhungu ndi tsamba lamasamba posunga mpweya wabwino.
Zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana:
- Malo obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wa Gothic ndi abwino kumadera ozizira, amphepo chifukwa cha ngalande zake zamphamvu komanso kukana kwa chipale chofewa.
- Malo obiriwira obiriwira agalasi a Venlo ndiabwino kuti azidzipangira okha komanso kukula mwaukadaulo.
- Malo obiriwira obiriwira apulasitiki ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maiko otentha kapena omwe akutukuka kumene chifukwa chotsika mtengo komanso kukhazikika kosinthika.
Chengfei Greenhouse, yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 28, amapereka njira zosinthira zotenthetsera mbewu zosiyanasiyana, nyengo, ndi bajeti. Gulu lawo limakuthandizani kuyambira pamapangidwe mpaka kugulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa, kuwonetsetsa kuti malo obiriwira obiriwira abwino kwa alimi padziko lonse lapansi.
3. Kuletsa Tizilombo & Matenda: Kupewa Ndikwanzeru
Tomato nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi tizirombo monga whitefly, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi njenjete. Njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ndi yakuthupi—ukonde wa tizilombo ndi misampha yomata kumathandiza kuti tizirombo tisalowemo.
Kuwongolera kwachilengedwe ndi njira yabwino komanso yokhazikika. Tizilombo zopindulitsa monga Encarsia formosa ndi ladybugs zimathandizira kusunga bwino mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Kwa matenda monga grey nkhungu ndi choipitsa mochedwa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo ndikusintha mankhwala otsala pang'ono kuti musamachulukire.
4. Kukolola Pambuyo: Kusunga Tomato Watsopano Ndi Wokonzeka Msika
Nthawi ndiyofunika. Kololani tomato pa 80-90% yakucha kuti mukhale olimba komanso onunkhira bwino. Sankhani m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo kuti mupewe kutentha komanso kutaya chinyezi.
Kuzizirira kusanazizire n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kutentha kufika pa 10-12 ° C (50-54 ° F) kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tichedwetse kuwonongeka. Kuyika ndi kulongedza molingana ndi kukula ndi mtundu kumateteza chipatso komanso kumapangitsa chidwi cha alumali.
Chingwe chozizira chosamalidwa bwino kuchokera ku greenhouse kupita kumsika chimatha kuwonjezera moyo wa alumali mpaka masiku 15, kukuthandizani kufikira misika yakutali ndi tomato watsopano, wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kula Mwanzeru, Gulitsani Kutali
Kulima tomato wowonjezera kutentha sikutanthauza kubzala njere. Mufunika kuphatikiza koyenera kwa ma genetic, kapangidwe kake, kuwongolera nyengo, ndi chisamaliro pambuyo pa kukolola.
Nayi mwachidule mwachidule:
- Sankhani mitundu ya phwetekere yosamva matenda, yobala zipatso zambiri
- Pangani nyumba zobiriwira zomwe zimakulitsa kuwala, kutentha, ndi chinyezi
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira zanzeru zowononga tizilombo tochepetsa mankhwala
- Gwirani tomato pambuyo pokolola mosamala kuti atalikitse moyo wa alumali
Kaya ndinu mlimi wamalonda kapena mukukonzekera ndalama zatsopano pafamu, njirazi zidzakuthandizani kukula mwanzeru - ndikugulitsanso.
Mukufuna thandizo pakupanga wowonjezera kutentha kwanu kapena kusankha koyenerahydroponic system? Khalani omasuka kuti mupeze yankho lokhazikika!
Takulandilani kukambilananso nafe!
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-27-2025
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