Posachedwapa, tinalandira uthenga kuchokera kwa mnzako ku Northern Europe akufunsa za zomwe zingayambitse zomwe zingayambitse kulephera pamene mukukula tsabola wokoma mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta, makamaka kwa omwe angoyamba kumene ku ulimi. Langizo langa ndikuti musathamangire ntchito zaulimi nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake, choyamba, pangani gulu la alimi odziwa zambiri, pendani bwino zonse zofunikira za kulima, ndikulumikizana ndi akatswiri odalirika aukadaulo.
Pakukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kulakwitsa kulikonse munjirayo kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosasinthika. Ngakhale kuti chilengedwe ndi nyengo mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha zimatha kuyendetsedwa pamanja, izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna ndalama zambiri, chuma, ndi anthu. Ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino, zitha kubweretsa mtengo wopangira kupitilira mitengo yamsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zosagulitsidwa komanso kutayika kwachuma.
Zokolola za mbewu zimatengera zinthu zingapo. Izi ndi monga kusankha mbande, njira zolimitsira, kuwongolera chilengedwe, kufananiza zakudya zopatsa thanzi, komanso kasamalidwe ka tizirombo ndi matenda. Gawo lirilonse ndi lofunika komanso lolumikizana. Ndi chidziwitso ichi, titha kufufuza bwino momwe kugwirizana kwa wowonjezera kutentha ndi dera laderalo kumakhudzira kupanga.
Polima tsabola wokoma ku Northern Europe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'ana njira yowunikira. Tsabola wotsekemera ndi zomera zokonda kuwala zomwe zimafuna kuwala kwakukulu, makamaka panthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso. Kuwala kokwanira kumalimbikitsa photosynthesis, yomwe imawonjezera zokolola komanso khalidwe la zipatso. Komabe, kuwala kwachilengedwe ku Northern Europe, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri sikukwaniritsa zosowa za tsabola wokoma. Masana ochepa komanso kuwala kochepa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira kumatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa tsabola wokoma ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa zipatso.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuwala koyenera kwa tsabola wotsekemera kumakhala pakati pa 15,000 ndi 20,000 lux patsiku. Mulingo uwu wa kuwala ndi wofunikira kuti ukule bwino. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira ku Northern Europe, masana nthawi zambiri amakhala maola 4 mpaka 5 okha, omwe sakwanira ku tsabola. Popeza kuwala kokwanira kwachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito kuunikira kowonjezera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kukula kwa tsabola wokoma.
Pokhala ndi zaka 28 za ntchito yomanga nyumba yotenthetsera kutentha, tatumikira alimi 1,200 a greenhouses ndipo tili ndi ukatswiri pa mitundu 52 ya mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Zikafika pakuwunikira kowonjezera, zosankha zofala ndi nyali za LED ndi HPS. Magwero onse a kuwala ali ndi ubwino wawo, ndipo chisankho chiyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni ndi zikhalidwe za wowonjezera kutentha.
| Zofananira Zofananira | LED (Light Emitting Diode) | HPS (Nyali Yapamwamba ya Sodium) |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu | Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, nthawi zambiri kupulumutsa mphamvu 30-50%. | Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri |
| Kuwala Mwachangu | Kuchita bwino kwambiri, kupereka mafunde enieni opindulitsa pakukula kwa mbewu | Kuchita bwino kwambiri, makamaka kumapereka mawonekedwe ofiira alalanje |
| Kutentha Generation | Low kutentha m'badwo, amachepetsa kufunika wowonjezera kutentha kuzirala | Kutentha kwakukulu, kungafunike kuziziritsa kwina |
| Utali wamoyo | Kutalika kwa moyo (mpaka maola 50,000+) | Moyo wamfupi (pafupifupi maola 10,000) |
| Kusintha kwa Spectrum | Mawonekedwe osinthika kuti agwirizane ndi magawo osiyanasiyana akukula kwa mbewu | Sipekitiramu yokhazikika mumtundu wofiira-lalanje |
| Investment Yoyamba | Ndalama zoyambira zapamwamba | M'munsi ndalama zoyamba |
| Ndalama Zosamalira | Mtengo wochepa wokonza, wocheperako m'malo | Mtengo wokwera wokonza, mababu pafupipafupi |
| Environmental Impact | Eco-ochezeka popanda zida zowopsa | Muli pang'ono mercury, amafuna kutaya mosamala |
| Kuyenerera | Zoyenera ku mbewu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomwe zili ndi zosowa zapadera | Zosiyanasiyana koma zocheperako ku mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kuwala kwapadera |
| Zochitika za Ntchito | Zoyenerana bwino ndi ulimi woyima komanso malo okhala ndi mphamvu zowunikira | Zoyenera ku greenhouses zachikhalidwe komanso kupanga mbewu zazikulu |
Kutengera zomwe takumana nazo ku CFGET, tasonkhanitsa zidziwitso za njira zosiyanasiyana zobzala:
Nyali za High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kulima zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Amapereka kuwala kwakukulu komanso kuwala kofiira kwambiri, komwe kumapindulitsa kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso ndi kucha. Ndalama zoyamba zogulira ndizotsika.
Kumbali ina, nyali za LED ndizoyenera kulima maluwa. Kuwala kwawo kosinthika, mphamvu ya kuwala, komanso kutentha pang'ono kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za maluwa pakukula kosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zoyamba zogulira ndizokwera, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yayitali ndizochepa.
Choncho, palibe njira imodzi yabwino; ndikupeza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu zenizeni. Tikufuna kugawana zomwe takumana nazo ndi alimi, tikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti tifufuze ndikumvetsetsa ntchito za dongosolo lililonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusanthula kufunikira kwa dongosolo lililonse ndi kuyerekezera mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito mtsogolo kuti athandize alimi kupanga chisankho choyenera kwambiri malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.
Ntchito zathu zamaluso zimatsindika kuti lingaliro lomaliza liyenera kutengera zosowa zenizeni za mbewu, malo omwe akukulirakulira, komanso bajeti.
Kuti tiwone bwino ndikumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina ounikira owonjezera kutentha, timawerengera kuchuluka kwa magetsi ofunikira potengera mawonekedwe a kuwala ndi milingo ya lux, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Deta iyi imapereka chidziwitso chokwanira kuti ikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino za machitidwe adongosolo.
Ndaitana dipatimenti yathu yaukadaulo kuti iwonetse ndikukambirana za mawerengedwe, makamaka "kuwerengera zofunikira zowunikira pazowunikira ziwiri zosiyana mu greenhouse ya galasi ya 3,000 square metre yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Europe, pogwiritsa ntchito kulima thumba la gawo lapansi polima tsabola wokoma":
Kuwala kwa LED kowonjezera
1) Chofunikira cha Mphamvu Yowunikira:
1. Ganizirani mphamvu yofunikira ya 150-200 Watts pa mita imodzi.
2.Kufunika kwa mphamvu zonse = Malo (mamita lalikulu) × Kufunika kwa mphamvu pagawo la unit (watts / mita lalikulu)
3.Kuwerengera: 3,000 lalikulu mita × 150-200 Watts/square mita = 450,000-600,000 Watts
2) Chiwerengero cha Zowala:
1.Tangoganizani kuwala kulikonse kwa LED kuli ndi mphamvu ya 600 watts.
2.Nambala ya magetsi = Mphamvu zonse zofunikira ÷ Mphamvu pa kuwala
3.Kuwerengera: 450,000-600,000 watts ÷ 600 watts = 750-1,000 magetsi
3) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Tsiku ndi Tsiku:
1.Tangoganizani kuwala kwa LED kulikonse kumagwira ntchito maola 12 patsiku.
2.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku = Chiwerengero cha magetsi × Mphamvu pa kuwala × Maola ogwira ntchito
3.Kuwerengera: 750-1,000 magetsi × 600 Watts × 12 maola = 5,400,000-7,200,000 watt-maola
4.Kutembenuka: 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-maola
HPS Supplemental Lighting
1) Chofunikira cha Mphamvu Yowunikira:
1. Ganizirani mphamvu yofunikira ya 400-600 Watts pa square mita.
2.Kufunika kwa mphamvu zonse = Malo (mamita lalikulu) × Kufunika kwa mphamvu pagawo la unit (watts / mita lalikulu)
3.Kuwerengera: 3,000 lalikulu mita × 400-600 Watts/square mita = 1,200,000-1,800,000 Watts
2) Chiwerengero cha Zowala:
1.Tangoganizani kuti kuwala kulikonse kwa HPS kuli ndi mphamvu ya 1,000 watts.
2.Nambala ya magetsi = Mphamvu zonse zofunikira ÷ Mphamvu pa kuwala
3.Kuwerengera: 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts ÷ 1,000 watts = 1,200-1,800 magetsi
3) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Tsiku ndi Tsiku:
1.Tangoganizani kuti kuwala kulikonse kwa HPS kumagwira ntchito kwa maola 12 patsiku.
2.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku = Chiwerengero cha magetsi × Mphamvu pa kuwala × Maola ogwira ntchito
3.Kuwerengera: 1,200-1,800 magetsi × 1,000 watts × 12 maola = 14,400,000-21,600,000 watt-maola
4.Kutembenuka: 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-maola
| Kanthu | Kuwala kwa LED kowonjezera | HPS Supplemental Lighting |
| Chofunikira cha Mphamvu Yowunikira | 450,000-600,000 watts | 1,200,000-1,800,000 watts |
| Chiwerengero cha Kuwala | 750-1,000 magetsi | 1,200-1,800 magetsi |
| Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamasiku Onse | 5,400-7,200 kilowatt-maola | 14,400-21,600 kilowatt-maola |
Kupyolera mu njira yowerengerayi, tikuyembekeza kuti mumvetsetsa bwino mbali zazikulu za kachitidwe ka greenhouse system-monga mawerengedwe a deta ndi njira zoyendetsera chilengedwe-kuti muyese bwino.
Tithokoze mwapadera kwa akatswiri athu othandizira zowunikira zowunikira ku CFGET popereka magawo ofunikira ndi deta yotsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuyatsa.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikupereka zidziwitso zozama za magawo oyambilira a kulima wowonjezera kutentha ndikuthandizira kumvetsetsa kokulirapo pamene tikupita patsogolo limodzi. Ndikuyembekezera kuyanjana nanu mtsogolo, kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti mupange phindu lochulukirapo.
Ndine Coraline. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, CFGET yakhazikika kwambiri pamakampani owonjezera kutentha. Kuwona, kuwona mtima, ndi kudzipereka ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimayendetsa kampani yathu. Timayesetsa kukula limodzi ndi alimi athu, kupitiliza kupanga ndi kukhathamiritsa ntchito zathu kuti tipereke mayankho abwino kwambiri a greenhouse.
Ku Chengfei Greenhouse, sitili opanga wowonjezera kutentha; ndife abwenzi anu. Kuchokera pazokambirana zatsatanetsatane pamagawo okonzekera mpaka chithandizo chokwanira paulendo wanu wonse, tili nanu, tikukumana ndi zovuta zilizonse limodzi. Timakhulupirira kuti kokha kupyolera mu mgwirizano wowona mtima ndi kuyesetsa kosalekeza tingathe kupeza chipambano chokhalitsa pamodzi.
-- Coraline, CEO wa CFGETWolemba Woyambirira: Coraline
Chidziwitso chaumwini: Nkhani yoyambirirayi ili ndi copyright. Chonde pezani chilolezo musanatumizenso.
#GreenhouseFarming
#Kulima Tsabola
#Kuwala kwa LED
#HPSLighting
#GreenhouseTechnology
#EuropeanAgriculture
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-12-2024
