Kuthamangitsa wowonjezera kutentha kumakhala ngati nkhondo yosalekeza - mumabzala, mumathirira, mumadikirira ... ndipo mwadzidzidzi, mbewu zanu zikuwukira. Nsabwe za m'masamba, thrips, whiteflies - tizirombo timawoneka modzidzimutsa, ndipo zikuwoneka ngati kupopera mankhwala ndi njira yokhayo yopitirizira.
Koma bwanji ngati pali njira yabwinoko?
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) ndi njira yanzeru, yokhazikika yomwe imakuthandizani kuthana ndi tizirombo popanda kudalira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse. Sizokhudza kuchitapo kanthu - ndi kupewa. Ndipo zimagwira ntchito.
Tiyeni tidutse njira zazikulu, zida, ndi njira zabwino zomwe zimapangitsa IPM kukhala chida chanu chachinsinsi cha wowonjezera kutentha.
Kodi IPM N'chiyani Ndipo N'chifukwa Chiyani Ili Yosiyana?
IPM imayimiraIntegrated Pest Management. Ndi njira yozikidwa pa sayansi yomwe imaphatikiza njira zingapo zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa tizirombo - ndikuchepetsa kuvulaza anthu, zomera, ndi chilengedwe.
M'malo mofikira mankhwala kaye, IPM imayang'ana kwambiri kumvetsetsa momwe tizirombo timachitira, kulimbikitsa thanzi la zomera, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito adani achilengedwe kuti asunge bwino. Ganizirani izi ngati kuyang'anira chilengedwe - osati kungopha nsikidzi.
M’nyumba ina yotenthetsera kutentha ku Netherlands, kusinthira ku IPM kunachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi 70%, kunathandiza kuti mbewu zisamalimbane nazo, ndipo zinakopa ogula osamala zachilengedwe.
Gawo 1: Yang'anirani ndi Kuzindikira Tizirombo Mosakhalitsa
Simungathe kulimbana ndi zomwe simukuziwona. IPM yothandiza imayamba ndikuyang'ana kawirikawiri. Izi zikutanthawuza kuyang'ana zomera zanu, misampha yomata, ndi malo okulirapo kuti muwone zizindikiro zoyambirira za vuto.
Zoyenera kuyang'ana:
Kusintha kwamitundu, kupindika, kapena mabowo m'masamba
Zotsalira zomata (nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena whiteflies)
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono togwidwa pamisampha yachikasu kapena yabuluu
Gwiritsani ntchito microscope ya m'manja kapena galasi lokulitsa kuti muzindikire mitundu ya tizilombo. Kudziwa ngati mukudwala matenda a mafangasi kapena ma thrips kumakuthandizani kusankha njira yoyenera yowongolera.
Ku Chengfei Greenhouse, ma scouts ophunzitsidwa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zojambulira tizilombo ta digito kuti azitsata zomwe zabuka munthawi yeniyeni, kuthandiza alimi kuyankha mwachangu komanso mwanzeru.
Gawo 2: Pewani Tizilombo Tisanafike
Kupewa ndi mzati wa IPM. Zomera zathanzi komanso malo aukhondo sizikopa tizirombo.
Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera:
Ikani maukonde pazitseko ndi mpweya
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zolowera zitseko ziwiri kuti muchepetse kulowa kwa tizilombo
Sungani mpweya wabwino ndikupewa kuthirira
Mankhwala zida ndi kuchotsa zomera zinyalala nthawi zonse
Kusankha mbewu zosamva tizilombo kumathandizanso. Mitundu ina ya nkhaka imatulutsa tsitsi lamasamba lomwe limalepheretsa ntchentche zoyera, pomwe mitundu ina ya tomato simakonda kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba.
Malo otenthetsera kutentha ku Spain adaphatikiza kuwunika kwa tizirombo, kuwongolera nyengo, ndi malo osambira apansi pamalo olowera - kuchepetsa kuukira kwa tizilombo ndi 50%.
Gawo 3: Gwiritsani Ntchito Biological Controls
M'malo mwa mankhwala, IPM imatsamiraadani achilengedwe. Izi ndi tizilombo tothandiza kapena tizilombo tomwe timadya tizirombo popanda kuwononga mbewu zanu.
Maulamuliro odziwika bwino achilengedwe ndi awa:
Aphidius colemani: mavu ang'onoang'ono omwe amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba
Phytoseiulus persimilis: Nthenda yolusa yomwe imadya akangaude
Encarsia formosa: kuukira whitefly larvaeKutulutsa nthawi ndikofunikira. Dziwitsani zilombo zolusa msanga, pomwe kuchuluka kwa tizilombo kudakali kochepa. Ogulitsa ambiri tsopano akupereka "bio-boxes" - mayunitsi odzaza kale omwe amapangitsa kuti kumasula kukhale kosavuta, ngakhale kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono.
Ku Canada, mlimi wa phwetekere wamalonda amaphatikiza mavu a Encarsia ndi zomera zakubanki kuti ateteze ntchentche zoyera pa mahekitala awiri - popanda kupopera mankhwala amodzi nyengo yonseyi.
Gawo 4: Khalani Oyera
Ukhondo wabwino umathandizira kuwononga moyo wa tizilombo. Tizirombo tiyikira mazira m'nthaka, zinyalala, ndi pa zomera. Kusunga wowonjezera kutentha kwanu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti abwerere.
Zochita zabwino:
Chotsani udzu ndi mbewu zakale m'malo omera
Tsukani mabenchi, pansi, ndi zida ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Sinthanitsani mbewu ndikupewa kulima mbewu imodzi pamalo amodzi mobwerezabwereza
Khazikitsani zomera zatsopano musanaziwonetse
Mafamu ambiri otenthetsa dziko lapansi tsopano amakonza “masiku oyera” mlungu uliwonse monga gawo la dongosolo lawo la IPM, akumagaŵira magulu osiyanasiyana kuti aike maganizo ake pa zaukhondo, kuyendera, ndi kukonza misampha.
Gawo 5: Gwiritsani Ntchito Mankhwala - Mwanzeru komanso Mochepa
IPM simachotsa mankhwala ophera tizirombo - imagwiritsa ntchito iwo okhangati njira yomaliza, ndi mwatsatanetsatane.
Sankhani mankhwala omwe ali ndi poizoni wochepa, omwe amasankha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda koma osawononga tizilombo tothandiza. Nthawi zonse tembenuzani zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito kuti mupewe kukana. Ntchito kokha kwa hotspots, osati lonse wowonjezera kutentha.
Mapulani ena a IPM akuphatikizapomankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga mafuta a neem kapena mankhwala a Bacillus, omwe amagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonongeka mofulumira m'chilengedwe.
Ku Australia, wolima letesi m'modzi adanenanso kuti apulumutsa 40% pamitengo yamankhwala atasamutsira ku zopopera zomwe akufuna pokhapokha atadutsa malire a tizilombo.
Khwerero 6: Lembani, Bwerezani, Bwerezani
Palibe pulogalamu ya IPM yomwe yatha popandakusunga zolemba. Tsatirani zomwe tawona ndi tizilombo, njira zochizira, masiku otulutsa zopindulitsa, ndi zotsatira zake.
Izi zimakuthandizani kuwona mawonekedwe, kusintha njira, ndikukonzekeratu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, wowonjezera kutentha wanu amakhala wolimba - ndi tizilombo mavuto ang'onoang'ono.
Alimi ambiri tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a foni yam'manja kapena nsanja zozikidwa pamtambo kuti alembe zomwe akuwona ndikupanga madongosolo amankhwala okha.
Chifukwa Chake IPM Imagwira Ntchito Kwa Olima Masiku Ano
IPM sikungokhudza kuwononga tizilombo - ndi njira yolima mwanzeru. Poyang'ana pa kupewa, kusanja bwino, ndi zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi deta, IPM imapangitsa kuti greenhouse yanu ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, yokhazikika, komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Imatsegulanso zitseko zamisika yamtengo wapatali. Zitsimikizo zambiri zama organic zimafuna njira za IPM. Ogula okonda zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amakonda zokolola zomwe zimalimidwa ndi mankhwala ochepa - ndipo amakhala okonzeka kulipira zambiri.
Kuchokera ku nyumba zazing'ono zobiriwira za mabanja kupita ku mafamu anzeru a mafakitale, IPM ikukhala muyeso watsopano.
Mwakonzeka kusiya kuthamangitsa tizirombo ndikuyamba kuzisamalira mwanzeru? IPM ndi tsogolo - ndi lanuwowonjezera kutenthazikuyenera.
Takulandilani kukambilananso nafe.
Imelo:Lark@cfgreenhouse.com
Foni: +86 19130604657
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-25-2025
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